Have you ever wondered why some stories keep you on the edge of your seat while others fall flat? The secret often lies in the conflict. Conflict is the heart of any compelling narrative, driving the plot and revealing the depths of characters. In literature, there are six primary types of conflict that authors use to create tension and drama. Understanding these conflicts can not only enhance your appreciation of storytelling but also improve your own writing. Let’s explore each type in detail.

1. Character vs. Character
One of the most common forms of conflict, Character vs. Character, involves a struggle between two or more characters. This type of conflict often manifests as physical confrontations, ideological clashes, or emotional battles. It’s the classic hero versus villain scenario, but it can also be seen in more nuanced character interactions.

Examples:

• Literature: In “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone,” Harry’s conflict with Draco Malfoy highlights their differing values and personalities. Their rivalry adds tension and drives many of the book’s key events.
• Film: In “The Dark Knight,” Batman’s battle against the Joker exemplifies the clash between order and chaos. The Joker’s unpredictable nature and Batman’s moral code create a compelling dynamic.
• TV: In “Game of Thrones,” the rivalry between the Starks and the Lannisters drives much of the series’ drama. Their ongoing battles for power and revenge keep viewers engaged.

This type of conflict is effective in showcasing character development and moving the plot forward. It allows readers to see how characters respond under pressure and what they’re willing to fight for.

2. Character vs. Self
Character vs. Self conflict involves an internal struggle within a character. This type of conflict often revolves around a character’s morals, desires, fears, or mental health. It’s the battle within that shapes a character’s journey and growth.

Examples:

• Literature: In “Hamlet,” Shakespeare explores Hamlet’s internal conflict over avenging his father’s death. Hamlet’s indecision and contemplation reveal his complex nature and the weight of his choices.
• Film: In “Black Swan,” Nina’s psychological battle with her darker impulses creates intense drama. Her obsession with perfection and the duality of her character drive the narrative.
• TV: In “Breaking Bad,” Walter White’s transformation from a mild-mannered teacher to Heisenberg the drug kingpin is driven by his internal conflicts. His struggle with morality, pride, and desperation make his character arc compelling.

This conflict adds depth to characters, making them more relatable and complex. It allows readers to delve into the psyche of characters and understand their motivations and fears.

3. Character vs. Nature
Character vs. Nature conflict pits characters against natural forces. This can include survival against the elements, natural disasters, or animals. It highlights the struggle for survival and the power of the natural world.

Examples:

• Literature: In “Hatchet” by Gary Paulsen, the protagonist Brian fights for survival in the Canadian wilderness after a plane crash. Navigating the terrain around the crash and doing his best to survive on his own tested his endurance and spirit.
• Film: In “The Martian,” abandoned astronaut Mark Watney struggles to stay alive on Mars, dealing with the planet’s harsh environment and limited resources. His journey of growing food and cultivating old technology with the lifeless landscapes and leftover equipment from previous space missions highlights human resilience.
• TV: In “Lost,” the characters must survive on a mysterious island with numerous natural threats. The island’s unpredictable nature adds tension and challenges the characters’ survival skills.

This conflict highlights human resilience and the power of nature. It often explores themes of survival, endurance, and the relationship between humans and the natural world.

4. Character vs. Society
Character vs. Society conflict occurs when a character stands against societal norms, laws, or beliefs. This type of conflict often explores themes of justice, freedom, and rebellion.

Examples:

• Literature: In “1984,” Winston Smith’s fight against a totalitarian regime illustrates Character vs. Society conflict. His struggle against oppressive societal control highlights themes of freedom and individuality.
• Film: In “The Hunger Games,” Katniss Everdeen’s defiance against the Capitol represents a battle against societal oppression. Her actions inspire rebellion and challenge the status quo.
• TV: In “The Handmaid’s Tale,” Offred’s resistance to a dystopian society underscores this conflict. Her fight for autonomy and justice in a repressive regime is central to the story.

This conflict is powerful for addressing social issues and sparking critical thought. It allows authors to comment on societal structures and inspire change.

5. Character vs. Supernatural
Character vs. Supernatural conflict involves characters facing otherworldly forces, such as ghosts, gods, or monsters. This type of conflict adds an element of mystery and the unknown.

Examples:

• Literature: In “Dracula,” the characters’ battle against the vampire Count Dracula is a classic supernatural conflict. The struggle between humans and the supernatural creates suspense and horror.
• Film: In “The Exorcist,” the struggle against demonic possession showcases this type of conflict. The battle between good and evil forces drives the narrative.
• TV: In “Stranger Things,” the characters face threats from the Upside Down, a supernatural dimension. The eerie and unpredictable nature of the supernatural adds tension to the story.

This conflict often delves into fear, belief, and the limits of human understanding. It allows for imaginative storytelling and explores the boundaries between reality and the supernatural.

6. Character vs. Technology
Character vs. Technology conflict explores the tension between characters and technological advancements. This can include AI, machines, or futuristic innovations.

Examples:

• Literature: In “Frankenstein,” Victor Frankenstein’s creation of the monster and the subsequent consequences highlight this conflict. The story explores the ethical dilemmas of scientific advancement.
• Film: In “The Matrix,” the battle between humans and machines exemplifies Character vs. Technology. The conflict raises questions about reality, control, and the impact of technology on humanity.
• TV: In “Westworld,” the conflict between humans and AI hosts showcases the ethical dilemmas of technological progress. The series explores themes of consciousness, free will, and the consequences of creating life-like machines.

This conflict often raises questions about humanity, ethics, and the future. It explores the relationship between humans and their creations, and the potential consequences of technological advancements.

The Takeaway
Understanding the six types of conflict in literature—Character vs. Character, Character vs. Self, Character vs. Nature, Character vs. Society, Character vs. Supernatural, and Character vs. Technology—can deepen your appreciation for storytelling and enhance your writing skills. By incorporating these conflicts into your narratives, you can create engaging, dynamic stories that resonate with readers. Conflict drives the story forward, challenges characters, and captivates audiences. Keep exploring, keep writing, and let the conflicts in your stories bring them to life.